Means for increasing the efficiency of full-fashioned knitting machines



Sept. 9, 1947. P. SCHMIDT ET A1. 2,427,163

MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FULL-FASHIONED KNITTING MACHINESFiled May 23, 1941 A l2y SheetsQSheet l Rw l ,4

ATTOR EY.

Sept. 9, 1947. P, SCHMIDT ETAL 2,427,163

MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FULL-FASHIONED KNITTING MACHINESFiled May 23, 1941 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR PauSL-hm 3.

Hefber E-Haeime,

. ATTORN Sept. 9, 1947. P 'scHMlDT ET AL. 2,427,163

` MEANS FOR INCREASING `THE EFFICENCY 0F' FULL-FASHIONED KNI INGMACHINES Filed May 1941 l2 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR:

Paul Sch/midi lerkrE. deh/lie,

ATTO RN Y.

Sept. 9, 1947. I P. SCHMIDT ET AL 2,427,163

MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OFl FULL-FASHIONED KNITTINGMACHINES- v I u m- ||nununu7uuUVuulluuullllluluulluuuuluuuluuuunuuuuFLE- EL .l

Werber? EHae'Ivnel ATTORNEY.

MEANS FOR INCREASING THE -EFFICIENCY-OF FULL-FSHIONED KNITTING MACHINESFiled May 25. 1941 l2 Sheets-Sheet 5 FLE- 7- Sept. 9, 1947', p SCHMIDTET AL INVENTO Z 2. y [farbe/vili;i Haeluiel P. SCHMIDT 'E1-ALA MEANS FORINCREASING THE EFFGIENCY OF Sept 9, 1947,

Y FULL-FASHIONED KNITTING MACHINES 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed May.25, 1941i FLE- La lNvENToR: Paul .Sch/midi BY Herber LHaewpe, @SW-QM ATTORNSept- 9, 1947 P. SCHMIDT ET Ar. 2,427,163

MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FULL-FASHIONED KNITTING MACHINESF11ed May 25, 1941 12 sheets-sheet# *FLE- 11.5-

' ATTORN Y.

Sept. 9, 1947. P. SCHMIDT ET Al. 2,427,163

- MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF'y FULL-FASHIONED KNITTINGMACHINES Filed May 25, 1941' l2 Sheets--Sheerl 8 FLE- M INVENTORZ PaulSchmid d.

Herbert E. jaehnel,

M ATTOR Y.

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MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FULL-FASHIONED KNITTING MACHINESFiled May 25, 1941 l2 Sheets-Sheet 9 Sept. 9,l 1.947. P 'SCHMlD-r ET AL2,427,163

Iu:Hummm|1Imunmnnummmummi? I'I'IUNIIIH FIG- 1.5-

. IVW;

INVENTOR;

. Herberijipehnd,

` ATTOR N EY.

5154159, 1947. f `PQSCHMIDT ETAL 2,427,163

MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FULL-FASHIONED KNITTING MACHINESFiled May 23, 1941 V 12 Sheets-'Sheet l0 Fica-IE5- INVENTOR:

Paul Schmidt 6. HerberE.Hadue, BY

ATTORNEY.l

Sept. 9, 1947. P; SCHMIDT ET AL 2,427,163

.7 MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FULL-FASHIONED KNITTINGMACHINES Filed May 25, 1941 12 sheets-sheet. 11

FJ. E-.E 7.

Sept 9, 1947. P. SCHMIDT ET AL 2,427,163

MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY 0F n FULL-FASHIONED KNITTINGMACHINES Filed May 23, 1941 l2 Sheets-Sheet 12 D* F1. rs1-.5511A fw,

15 lll 459 A I 1/ 1--.. 1M 165- I G 191 121/ Hw f- I 1" ATTORNE PatentedSept. 9,` 1947 MEANS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FULL-FASHIONECHINES D KNITTING MA- Paul Schmidt, Wytheville, Va., and Herbert E.

Haehnel, West Reading, tile Machine Works, Wy

ration of Pennsylvania I Application May 23, 1941, Serial No.`.394,770

Claims.

Our invention relates to straight knitting machines, and moreparticularly to full-fashioned knitting machines arranged to operate atrelatively high speeds. t

When the'speed of full-fashioned knitting machines is increased, thetendency to sinker breakage and yarn damage is increased and al point isreached when a marked breakage of the sinkers and skiving or cutting ofthe yarn is encountered, this point being reached much sooner in highgauge machines such as those of 51 gauge and over. This cannot beavoided by redesign of the slurring surfaces of the slur cams becausethe slur cams now in common use are so formed that they cannot be muchfurther refined without causing interference of the sinkers with thethread during couliering of the loose courses in the relatively heavieryarn used for the Welts and for reinforcing.

Further, in full-fashioned knitting machines of fifty-one or finergauge, the sinkers are so thin that when the speed reaches a certainpoint they damage certain classes of yarns which are used from time totime in full-fashioned hosiery.

Further, irrespective of the gauge, 'eiiicient cooperation betweentextile machine parts operating in timed relationship, is sooner orlater reduced by excessive Wear when the machines are K operated at highspeeds; improper functioning,

or damage may follow unless adjustments or replacements are made.

In a full-fashioned knitting machine, for eX- ample, wear because ofhigh speeds soon changes the initial time relationship of the slur barand the catchbar. If no corrective measure is provided, damage mayresult when the catchbar acts to draw the sinkers back at the time thejacks for some of the sinkers are held forward by the slur cam.

It has been found from experience that when the speed of full-fashionedor other flat knitting machines is increased above the present averagespeed, that is above about seventy to seventy-two courses per minute foriifty-one gauge machines, or seventy--siX` to seventy-eight courses perminutesfor forty-live gauge machines, not only does the sinker breakageand yarn cutting show a marked increase in machines of iifty-one orhigher gauge but the'slur cams and jacks of all gauges show markedlyincreased rates of wear because these parts rub one on the other in use,and lubrication is seldom attempted because of the shape of the jacksand the relative position of the jacks with respect to each other and tothe slur cam. Similarly, difficulty is experienced Pa., assignors toTexomissing, Pa., a corpof with the ordinary catchbar mechanism when itis `or flat knitting machine, the number of courses per 'minute isalways equal to the number of revolutions per minute of the` main camshaft.

It is an object of our invention to provide means for overcoming thementioned and other diiiiculties which develop in hat knitting machineswhen they are operated at speeds higher than the average or normaloperating speeds of these machines; that is, speeds higher than aboutseventy courses per minute.

Another object of ourfinvention is to provide a high speed hat knittingmachine which embodies in combination all the essential means foravoiding or overcoming difficulties most apt lt'o be caused by highspeed operation, and `more particularly such means as the following:

1. Means whereby the linear speed of the'slur cams is reduced relativeto the number of courses per minute of the machine,ithat is, relative tothe number of revolutions per minute of the main' cam shaft.

2. Means to prevent rearward movement of the sinkers at undesired times.

3. Means to stop the machine when the slur cam and catchbar becomeimproperly timed with reiation to each other. y

4. Means for preventing engagement of the catchbar with the sinkerswhenever the catch-l bar is not in proper `timed relation to the slur rCam.

5. Means to move the dividers forward yieldinglyand to move themrearward positively.

With these and other objects in View, which will become apparent fromthe following detailed description of the illustrative embodiment of thehigh speed knitting machine shown in the accompanying drawings, ourinvention resides in the novel elements, features of construction andarrangements of parts in cooperative relationship as hereinafter moreparticularly pointed out in the claims. l

In the drawings:

Figure l is a rear view of a portion of a full- :fashioned knittingmachine having our invention embodied therein, the parts being shown innormal relative position;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially on 3 the line 2-2 of Fig.1, looking inthe direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is a view of a portion of Fig. 2 drawn to larger scale, certainparts, however, being shown in a different or abnormal relativeposition;

Fig'. 4 is a fragmentary View taken substantially on the line 4 4 ofFig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view of a portion of Fig. 1 drawn to an enlargedscale;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 5 but with the partspositioned as in Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 5, the parts being innormal relative position;

Fig. 8 is a plan View of the same general portion of the machine as isshown in Fig. 7, the parts, however, being in the relative positionsshown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary View taken substantially on the line 9-9 of Fig.3, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 10 is a sectional View taken substantially on the line lil- I0 ofFig. 1;

Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 10, showing certain parts thereof indifferent relative positions;

Fig. 12 is a top plan view of a portion of Fig. 1, showing certain partspositioned as in Fig. 10, parts being broken away and parts being shownin section for purposes of illustration;

Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 12, the parts, however, being shown inthe same relative positions as in Fig. 11;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view of the machine shown in Fig. 1 and showingthe needle operating mechanism;

Fig. 15 is a sectional 'detail View showing the coulier cam and itsfollowers of the machine shown in Fig. 1, and also indicating parts of arevolution of the main shaft and coulier shaft within which thecouliering and knitting operations take place;

Fig. 16 is a sectional detail View showing the knitting cams on the maincam shaft of the machine shown in Fig. 1, and also indicating theirfollowers and the parts of a revolution of the main coulier cam shaftwithin which the couliering and knitting operations take place;

Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic View showing the position of the slur cam andof the yarn carrier of the machine shown in Fig. 14 relative to thesinkers at different points in a traverse of the slur cam and thecarriers;

Fig. 18 is a diagram representing the effective rise of the coulier camcorresponding to one revolution of the main cam shaft of the machine,shown in Fig. l, and one stroke of the slur cam;

Fig. 19 is a diagram showing the path of the needle bar of the machineshown in Fig. 2 throughout the knitting cycle and indicating thepositions of the needle bar corresponding to the positions of the slurcam shown in Fig. 17;

Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 are views similar to Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18and 19 respectively, but showing corresponding parts, angles, positionsand paths of the Coulier, knitting and slur cams, a yarn carrier and aneedle bar of a standard type of full-fashioned knitting machine;

Fig. 25 is a View similar to Fig. 15, but on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 26 is a sectional detail view similar to Fig. 16, but on anenlarged scale and showing further the cam for producing forward andrearward movement of the catchbar.

Fig. 27 is a wiring diagram of one form of electric motor which has beenused for driving knitting machines having our invention applied thereto,said motor having a band type brake; and

Fig. 28 is a wiring diagram of another form of driving motor which hasbeen applied to machines including our invention; the motor of Fig. 28having means for regenerative braking.

In the drawings and description, only the means necessary to a completeunderstanding of the invention have been specifically set forth; furtherinformation as to the construcion and operation of other related, usualand well known knitting machine elements, mechanisms, etc., may be foundin one or more of the following publications 1. Pamphlet entitledFull-Fashioned Knitting Machines, published and copyrighted by theTextile Machine Works, Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1920.

2. Three catalogs entitled The Reading Full- Fashioned Knitting MachineParts Catalog, published and copyrighted by the Textile Machine Works,in 1929, 1935 and 1940, respectively.

3. Booklet entitled The Reading High-Production Full-Fashioned KnittingMachine which forms a supplement to the above noted 1940 Parts Catalogof the Textile Machine Works, and which booklet is a publication of theTextile Machine Works, and was copyrighted by the latter in 1940.

4. Pamphlet entitled Knitting Machine Lectures, published by theWyomissing Polytechnic Institute, Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, in 1935.

A machine within the present invention is shown in the drawings. In saidmachine, the couliering mechanism has been changed compared to theordinary couliering means to reduce the ratio of the linear speed of theslur cam during the period it is in contact with the jacks to the numberof courses or numbers of revolutions of the main cam shaft for a giventime unit. Further, in said machine, means is provided whereby damage isprevented in case certain parts which interfere when not in proper timedrelationship, from wear or other causes, fall out of said relationship,the means for driving said certain parts being preferably designed forhigh speed operation. More specifically considered, the presentinvention is to be applied to a fullfashioned knitting machine having acouliering mechanism designed for high speed operation and theconnections between the catchbar and the cam for producing back andforth movement of the catchbar are also designed for high speedoperation and a safety means is provided therein which prevents thecatchbar from engaging the sinkers when the slur cam and the catchbarare not moving in proper timed relation.

Further, means are shown in the drawing and are preferably provided insaid machine whereby the machine is stopped in case certain parts fallout of proper timed relationship.

Referring to the drawings and more particularly Figs. l and 2, theknitting machine shown is in general a known form of the Cotton typemachine now in almostl universal use for making full-fashioned hose andincludes a framework comprising transverse frames 6, a front beam 1, aback beam 8, a front bed 9, and a center bed I0. The operating mechanismincludes a coulier cam 20 (Fig. 1) which is mounted at the rear end of ashort stub shaft 2| which lies at right angles to and is driven from amain cam shaft 22 (Fig. 2) by gearing not shown. Coulier cam 20 iSConnected to oscillate a rock arm 23 carried by the back beam 9. Arm 23is connected at its upper end to reciprocate a bracket 24 which is xed,both to the connecting or slur bar 25 andto the friction box rod 26.The friction box rod 26 operates through suitable means yarn carriersII, one of which is shown in Fig. 14, for laying yarn to be knitted,while the slur bar partly operates the means for kinking the yarn, `as,it is laid, into partial loops on which the needles I3 may operate. Theyarn kinking means are also operated in part by the catchbar 21 which isoperated directly from the main cam shaft and not from the coulier cam.

The initial yarn kinking means consists of sinkers 28 which are mountedto reciprocate horizontally in a sinker bed 29, one of which isgenerally provided for each knitting'section of the machine, and whichextend longitudinally thereof. Sinkers 28 are pushed forward by jacks 30which are swivelled on rod 3| and are themselves pushed forward by theslur cam or cock 32 which is fixed to the connecting or slur bar 25through a slur cam or cock box I8 which slides on a fixed bar I 9 andwhich moves in a line parallel to the sinker bed.

' The sinkers 28, along with dividers 33, are retracted or movedrearwardly by the catchbar 21, but the throw or travel of the slur camis greater than the length of the knitting field so that the camsnormally overrun the sinker beds and are positioned outside the knittingeld when the slur bar ends its stroke. There is consequently normally nodanger of interference between the slur cam and the jacks when thelatter are pushed rearwardly on the backward movement of the catchbar.If, however, the slur cam is not in proper time relation with thecatchbar, the catchbar may move the sinkers rearwardly while the 'slurcam is in alignment with one or more sinkers, thereby damaging the partsaffected.

According to the present invention damage from this cause is avoided bypreventing the rearward movement of the sinkers 28 under suchconditions. In the arrangement illustrated, we accomplish this purposeby preventing the catchbar from engaging the sinkers for the rearwardstroke at such times when the slur cams are positioned intermediate theends of the sinker heads. of catchbar 21 is caused by cam 34 and spring45 (Figs. 2 and '3), and the motion is transmitted from the cam thoughlinkage comprising a roller 35, a horizontal back catchbar lever 36, aback catchbar shaft I6, a vertical lever I1, and a horizontal link 31.The spring 45 maintains the follower 35 of the lever 36 in engagementwith the cam 34.

Placing the follower 35 on top of the cam 34 as shown not only minimizesits tendency to jump, but, by'causing the forward movement of thecatchbar and dividers to be spring actuated, cushions the action of thedividers on the loops during the forward movement of the catchbar, 'I'heup and down motion of the catchbar 21 is caused by. cam 38 and spring64, and the motion As shown, the back and forth movement z istransmitted from the cam through a roller I5,

a lever 39, a front catchbar shaft 40, and a short lever 4I (Fig. 4)fixed to shaft 40 and carrying at its outer rear end an arm 42 which ispivoted thereto. Arm 42 extends upward and its upper end normallysupports the front end of a link I4 which is rigidly secured to thecatchbar 21. An adjustable stud 43 at the upper end of arm 42 permits ofmaintaining the catchbar 21 at the exact height required for properoperation of the sinkers anddividers with respect to needles I3, and aspring y44 is connected between the forward end of the link I4 and thearm 42 to keep the two` normally in contact. After the sinkers 28 havebeen pushed forward to sink the yarn Ebetween certain needles fora'course, the catchbar thrusts the dividers 33 forward to divide theyarn between the remaining needles. After `the needles I3 have moved toa certain point in their cycle, the catchbar 21 is normally lowered toengage sinkers 28, as well as dividers 33, as spring 64 urges the rollerI5 on lever 39 against cam 38, whereupon the catchbar 21 is thenretracted or drawn rearwardly by the cam 34` acting through roller 35,Vand the associated linkage above set forth. It will be understood thatthis rearward motion, in the arrangement shown, is a positive oneinvolving a direct power thrust of cam 34, and that the sinkers, jacks,slur cam boxes and associated parts, would consequently be damaged inthose instances where the catchbar is retracted while the slur cams arepositioned in the knitting field intermediate the ends of thesinker-heads. This situation would not be essentially changed byarranging the parts so as to have the springs retract the catchbar.Consequently, the only way to prevent damage due to the rearward motionof sinkers 28 under abnormal conditions is to first prevent the downwardmotion of the catchbar. i

For this purpose, Iwe have shown means-including a bar 46 bolted to thebottom face of the connecting bar 25. Bar 46 has a rearwardly projectinglip or flange 41. As bar 46 is carried back and forth by the connectingbar 25 the lip 41 passes normally beneath and past Va horizontal finger48 fixed to the upper end-of a vertical arm 49 of a forwardly extendinghorizontal lever-5!)Y pivoted at 5I on a rearwardly extending horizontalarm 52 the forward end of which isxed to the front catchbar shaft 49, soas to follow the oscillations of the shaft. At its rear end,` arm 52 hasa spur or finger 53 fixed thereto which serves to attach to arm `52 theupper end of a tension spring 54, the lower end of which is attached toa pin 55 on-the lower end of arm 49.` When unrestrained, the arm 49 andarm 52 therefore move together in response to the oscillations of thefront catchbar shaft 49. If, however, finger 48 catches on fia-nge 41,as shown in Fig. 8, due to incorrect timing of catchbar 21 relative toconnecting bar 25, arm 52 locks with lever 59 to become rigid therewithon the` down stroke by striking a lug 56 which projects from the side oflever 5|] beneath the free end of arm 52, Fig. 9. Spring 64 is thereforeunable to draw lever` 39 toward cam 38 and the roller for this camstands out from it as shown in Figure 3, the catchbar 21 therefore beingheld up at such a level that it cannot engage the sinkers to pull`themrear- 'wardly. A rear view of ceitain of the parts in the positionscorresponding to Figure 3 is given in Figure 6. The flange 41 is shortenough so that, when the parts are operating in proper timing, nnger 48misses it and the parts reach. the positions shown in Figures 5 and 7wherein the catchbar is able to draw the sinkers rearwardly.

It will be understood that an abnormal timing relation between the slurcam and the catchbar might conceivably result from any oneof severalcauses, but that the most active cause is wear in the surfaces directlyinvolved in Inoving the slur cams 32 while they are alongside thesinger-heads. As the speed of the machine.

is increasedthe speed of the slur cam 32 and the consequent wear arefound to increase in at least as great proportion, provided no change ismade in the mechanism. Further, special difficulties from sinkerbreakage and yarn dam age soon develop in the higher gauge machines asthe speed is pushed up beyond seventy courses or main cam shaftrevolutions per minute. We have provided, however, a couliering meanswhich reduces the linear speed of the slur cam during the part of thecycle compared to the ordinary arrangement for couliering. Therefore, weare able to increase the speed of the machine without increasing thesinker breakage, the yarn damage or the wear andthe probability thatthere Will be mechanical interference between any parts due to gettingout of step or out of proper timed relationship. The coulier cam 2D,designed for high speed operation, is shown in Figs. 15 and 25, andcomprises two sections, each constituting 941/2o of the surface of cams29 which are devoted to moving the slur cam 32 along the sinker bed incontact with the sinkers While two intermediate sections, constituting851/2o of the surface of cam 20 are devoted to moving the slur camduring the periods in which the slur cam is free of the sinkers, to'permit operation of the knitting needles. As the knitting cams 95 and96, shown in Figs. 16 and 26, make a complete revolution in the sametime that the coulier cam 20 makes a half revolution, the sections ofthe knitting cams corresponding to 941z sections of cam 20 comprise 189while the sections of the knitting cams corresponding to the S51/2sections of cam 20 occupy 171 of the active surfaces of the cams. Thisarrangement allots a greater proportion of the revolution to moving theslur cam along the sinkers than is ordinarily the case. Therefore, thenumber of revolutions of the cam shaft or the number of courses perminute knitted by the machine can be increased without proportionatelyincreasing the speed of the slur cam. The speed of the needles duringthe knitting operation is, of course, increased even more in proportionthan the increase in the speed of the machine, but we have found thatthis point does not in practice prevent material increases in speed ofthe machine above those now commonly used.

The knitting cams 95 and 9S which are used in the same machine as thecoulier cam 20 are shown in Figs. 16 and 26. 'Ihese figures show thatthe portion of the surface of each knitting cam which is of constantradius and during which therefore the needles remain stationary topermit the slur cam to he moved occupies 189, while the portion of eachknitting cam having variable radius to carry the needles through theircycle of movements occupies 171.

By Way of comparison, Figs. 20 and 21 show a coulier cam 20A andknitting cams 95A and 95A, respectively, according to an arrangement incommon use. In Figs. 20 and 21, the coulier cam 20A acts during 89 ofits own revolution and during 178 of the main cam shaft to move the slurcam from one end of the sinker bed to the other and it acts during 91 ofits own revolution and 182 of the revolution of the main cam shaft tomove the slur cam 32A, during the periods the slur cam is free of thesinkers, the knitting cams acting to move the needle banks during thelatter period, or during 182 of each revolution of the main cam shaft.

The positions of the slur cam 32 and the yarn carrier Il at differentpoints in their cycle of movement from the left to right, and the riseof the coulier cam necessary to eiect such cycle of movement, are showndiagrammatically in Figs. 17 and 18. In moving from its left hand endposition, slur cam 32 takes up 53 of the revolution of the main camshaft before engaging the first sinker at the left end of the sinkerbed. At the time the slur cam engages the rst sinker at the left end ofthe sinker bed as shown in Fig. 17, the yarn carrier li is ahead of theslur cam a distance corresponding to 53 of a revolution of the camshaft, or at the point a. Successive positions b, c, and d, followingposition a, of the yarn carrier are shown on Fig. 17, corresponding tothree successive positions of slur cam 32, to illustrate the continuouslead the yarn carrier maintains over the slur cam. A position e showsthe yarn carrier yIl at the end of its operative stroke. The distancebetween the sixth position of the slur cam shown in Fig. 17, i. e. theone at the right end of the sinker bed, and the seventh position, i. e.the one at the extreme right of the gure, corresponds to 118 of arevolution of the cam shaft, or 59 of a revolution of the coulier cam20, of Fig. 15.

The positions of the slur cam 32A and the yarn carrier i iA in theircycle of movement from left to right. according to a standardarrangement, are indicated in Fig. 22, and the rise of the coulier cam20A necessary to eiect such cycle of movement is diagrammatically shownin Fig. 23. The first slur cam position shown at the left of Fig. 22,indicates the position of slur cam 32A corresponding to the position atwhich the slur cam 32 contacts the first sinker as shown in Fig. 17, theslur cam 32A having moved a distance corresponding to only 38 of arevolution of the cam shaft which is 11 of a revolution of the cam shaftless than the 49 movement of the slur cam, indicated by the secondposition of the slur cam 32A i. e., the position at which it contactsthe first sinker which corresponds to a lag of 11 in back of the slurcam. 32. The 49 of a revolution of the cam shaft corresponds to the2411/2a indi-- cated on the slur cam 29A of Fig. 20. The next foursuccessive positions of the slur cam 32A are positions corresponding tothe positions of slur cam 32, shown in Fig. 17, indicating the manner inwhich the slur cam 32A gradually overtakes the slur cam 32 so that theyboth leave their respective sinkerheads at the same time in strokes fromleft to right. two slur cams are even at this point, that is they havereached the same points 0n the respective sinker beds at the same timeas the respective main cam shafts have reached the same angularposition.

Within the period elapsing between the time the slur cam leaves thesinker bed and 'the time it reaches the sinker bed again on its next orreturn stroke, the needles go through a cornplete knitting cycle shownvdiagrammatically in Fig. 19. In Fig. 19, the upper horizontaldotand-dash line indicates the position of the needies at the time theslur cam is at the right end of the sinker bed as shown in Fig. 17. InFig. 24, the upper horizontal dot-and-dash line indicates the positionof the needles when the slur cam 20A is at the right end of the sinkerbed, as shown in Fig. 22.

Within the distance between the right end of the sinker bed and theextreme right of its path, the speed of the slur cam, in accordance withthe invention, is appreciably reduced, covering this linear distance in118 of the revolution of.

In other words the the main cam shaft, whereas it covered the lineardistance from the extreme left of its path to the iirst contact with thesinkers in only 53; the slur cam of the standard type machine, however,takes up 133 of a revolution of its cam ,shaft in moving the samedistance in the same direction, as shown in Figs. 22 and 23. It willtherefore be understood that the slur cam and the needles of thestandard type machine at the start of their operative strokes lag behind'the slur cam and the needles of the improved machine, and that when theneedles I have reached a point 99 as indicated on the needle cyclediagram of Fig. 19, the cam 32 has reached the end of its stroke asindicated at in Fig. 1'7, while the needle IIA has only reached thepoint 99A on the needle cycle diagram of Fig. 24 the slur cam 32A hasonly reached the point ItlllA, as indicated in Fig. 22, or 15 from theend of its path or extreme right hand position, as indicated in Fig. 22.As cam -32 begins its return stroke, however, it immediately begins tolose ground to cam 32A, this being indicated at the left of Fig. 17 inwhich the slur cam 32 has engaged the first sinker, and being indicatedin Fig. 22 in which the slur cam 32A is shown as having moved to aposition 11 from the position at which it engages the first sinker.Hence, when the needles of the new type machine have returned to thestarting point and the slur cam 32 has engaged the first sinker, theneedles as shown in Fig. 24, are at a position corresponding to 11 fromtheir starting position. This lag of 11 in the slur cam is indicated inFig. 22, and is shown at the left end of the sinker bed instead of atthe right end, in order to avoid showing two sets of angles at the sameend, it is to be understood that except for the movements of the slurcam and needles during the right hand stroke of the slur cam areidentical with those occasioned during a left hand stroke. Thus, as thetwo slur cams travel along their respective sinker beds, cam 32Agradually overtakes cam 32 so that they are together at the instant theyleave their respective sinker beds. It follows that at the beginning ofthe return stroke the slur cam covers the linear distance from theextreme right of its path to the right end of the sinker bed in 53o ofthe revolution of the main cam. shaft, this travel requiring the samenumber of degrees of the cam shaft as is taken up in moving from theextreme left end of its path to the sinker bed.

The path travelled by the needles I3 and needle bar I2 of each knittingsection of a machine embodying our invention is shown in Fig. 19 and maybe identical with that of the standard type machine, although we do notlimit ourselves to this. Suitable operating connections between cams 95and 96 and needle bar I2 are shown in Fig. 14 and comprise the usualparts as follows: a needle bar lifting arm 91 is fixed to a needle barshaft 98 at the outer end of the arm,` and the inner end of arm 91 ispivoted to the lower end of a forked hinge lever |0I, the upper end ofwhich is fixed to the needle bar I2. The shaft 98 is rocked in itsbearings (not shown) by a cam lever |02 fixed to shaft 98 at the upperend of the lever. The lower end of lever |02 has a cam follower |03thereon shown as a roller journalled on a gudgeon in the lever andarranged to run in contact with needle cam 95 so as to turn shaft 98 toraise bar I2 upon receiving an impulse from the cam. A spring |04 isconnected between the lower end of lever |02 and the the directions,

frame in such a way as to turn lever |02 so as to raise bar I2 whenpermitted by cam 95.

The horizontal motions of the needle bar I2 are caused by rocking itabout the axis at the lower end of hinge lever |0|. This motion iscaused by swinging forwardly and rearwardly the lower end of a lever|06- the upper end of which is fixed to the needle bar. For thispurpose, the lower end of lever |06 is pivotally connected to agenerally horizontal link |01 which extends `forwardly from lever |06and has a notch `|08 in its lower edge adapted to engage a pin whichprojects horizontally from the lower end of a presser lever IIO, theupper end of whichls fixed to a presser lever ||0, the upper end ofwhich is fixed to a presser shaft mounted to oscillate onthe frame ofthe machine. The lower end of lever ||0 has a branch I |2 which extendsdownwardly in front of the cam 96 and carries a roller ||3 which acts asthe follower of cam 96. A spring III between branch ||2and the frameurges follower ||3 toward the cam 96. By this arrangement, lever I0 isswung forwardly by the cam 96 and rearwardly by spring I |4, therebytransmitting to lever |06 a similar motion through link |01 to rockneedle bar I2 toward a-nd away from the presser edge. The combination ofup and down motions produced by cam with forward and rearward motionsproduced by cam 96 produces the composite motion of the needle bar shownby the curves of Figs. 19 and 24.

The relationship of cams I34, 95 and 96 is shown on a large scale inFig. 26.

Whenever conditions are such that the mechanism hereinabove describedprevents the catchbar from drawing the sinkers rearwardly, we preferalso to stop the motor of the machine. For this purpose, we have shownin Figs. 10 and 11 a trigger arrangement adapted to open the circuit ofa holding coil for the switch of the driving motor of the machine. Saidtrigger arrangement is not claimed by us, per se, but may be described,for purposes of convenience, as follows; It includes a cam piece 10(Fig. 10) fixed to the under face of connecting bar 25. A lever 1IW ispivoted (Figs. 10 and 11) on one of the vertical levers I1 at point 12and carries an adjustable tappet bolt 13 at its upper end. A spring 14connected between the lever 1|, at a point below its pivot, and a pointon the upper end of vertical lever |1 holds the lever 1| normally so asto throw tappet 13 forwardly so that when the upper end of the lever I1and the catchbar are forward the tappet 13 is in line with the lowportion of the cam piece 10, as is clear from Figs. 10 and 12. In normaloperation lever I1 operates at each end of the couliering stroke of bar25 thereby moving tappet 13 forwardly and rearwardly while the latter isaligned with the low portion of cam piece 10i, thereby permitting unitedmovement of levers I1 and 1|. When, however, the connecting bar andcatchbar acquire the wrong relative timing, the tappet may strike thecam 10, as shown in Fig. 13. The lever 1| is then turnedcounterclockwise about its pivot 12 and relative to lever |1 from theposition of Fig. 10v into the position shown in Fig. 11. In so changingits position, the lower end of lever 1| turns to some extent a threearmed lever 69 which is fixed to the outer end of a pivoted shaft 15extending into a box 16 within which is a pair of relay contacts closingthe circuit of a holding coil which normally holds the switch of themachine motor I 9, Fig. 14, in closed posi- @isdn-63 tion as hereinafterlset forth. Shaft 15 yis nor, mally held in the proper-'angular positionfor keeping the' circuit oi the holdingooil closed by a tension spring11V which is connected between a point o n the outside of box 1bl nearthe lower leit'ha-nd cerner thereof and an arm 18 of 'lever (ill.vSpring 11 thereiore tends to turn shaft 15 in the. counterclockwisedirection and thereby keeps .an arm 19 of lever B9 against a stop 80 onthe box 16 to maintain the shaft 15, for the most part,'in a givendesired angular position in which relay contacts within box 16 areclosed. When lever 1| is turned from the position shown in Fig. l tothat which it occupies in Fig. 11, its lower end pushes against an'arm8| of lever 69. The shaft is thereby given a temporary movement, rstclockwise and then counterclockwise, by the lever 1| ,and the spring 11respectively, thereby opening the relay contacts Vand breaking thecircuit .of the holding coil. A spring attached to the switch for themachine motor thereupon opens the motor circuitl and Simultaneouslyopens the circuit ci said holding coil to stop the machine. The mainswitch must therefore be resetv before the .machine motor can startaeain.

The simplified circuit of the niotel H9 and cani'actuated stop means isshown in Fig. 27. As is clear from Fig. 27, shaft has a band H5 fixedthereto on the end of the shaft within box Vi in addition to the arm orlever 8l fixed to the end Q the Shaft outside the box. The band H5surrounds and supports a ask |15 forming part of an emergency switch ||1in which is a body of mercury adapted, when the shaft 1E and liask. llare in the. angular position shown in Fiet 27. to cover and so close acircuit across two contacts ||8 at one end oi the flask HG. SaidContacts are in a control circuit iol? a brush Shiitins variable speedmotor |19; for driving the knitting machine. Motor lla is ci theinduction type Vheu/inc the primary winding 1n the rotor. The motor llehas its secondary Winding on the stator and has a rotor shaft |21, atone cnd oi which iS a brake drum |22 with which a brake band |23 isAadapted to Cooperate. A spring |24 iS adopted toy draw the brake bandagainst the drumlZZ und acts to stop the armature- ,shaft as sonnes thecurrent is turnedofi the motor.

Current for motor llSis supplied through a threephase circuit |25, thethree wires or leads A. B. and C of which run through electro-inagneticswitch I2@ to rings |21 O ri the opposite end of sheftlil from the euehaving brake drum |22 thereon.V A three pole hand switch |28 is arrangedbetween electro-magnetic switch |25 and the source of current. switch|28 being shown closed in Fig. 27. However. switch |25 does not Closemerely upon closing switch t28, although switch |26 must be closed tothrow motor |19 intooper-ation. Switch |26 is biased to open position bya spring |23 and is closed by a hand operated starting switch or button|3|. Switch |3| is biased to the open position and is arranged in acontrol circuit beginning at point |32 on lead A extending through lead|33 to switch |3i and thence through junction point |34 and apush-button or hand operated stop switch i315 which is biased to theclosed position and thence through lead |36 and solenoid winding orholding coil |31 of switch |28 to lead B atA point i318.. Therefore,upon closing switch |3| coil 13,1, is energized and pulls a rod orplunger [3 3 of switch |25 downwardly against the. null ci spring le andthereby closes sans in leads A, B and C so as te extend the mein supplycircuit to, the ringS 12 |21 by meansof extension leads D, E and F,respectively.

As soon as current is thrown on the rings |21, the brake band |23 isrelaxed by a solenoid Uil whose movable core |42 is connected. through alever |63 and a rod Mii so that rod |1111 overcomes the pull of springl2!! when coro |42 is drawn downwardly because of the excitation ofsolenoid lill. Solenoid IM is automatically excited by the closing of acircuit through the solenoid starting from the point |45 on lead D andrunning through lead |45 to the solenoid Ml. From the solenoid itsenergizing or exciting circ-uit extends through lead |41 to lead B atpoint |38. At the same time switch |25 closes the circuit for motor H9,it also closes a holding circuit for maintaining switch S26 in positionto pass current to motor I9. The circuit for this purpose leads off oflead D at the point |158 by a short lead MS which extends to the motorside of a gap in switch |26 which is closed so long as the coil |31 isenergized. Beyond switch |26 the holding circuit for this switchcontinues along a lead I5! to one of contacts H8 of switch ||1. From theother Contact H8, the holding circuit continues through a lead |52 topoint |34 in the starting circuit. From point |34, the holding circuitfor switch |26 .is identical with the starting circuit and need not betraced further` Therefore, the starting switch |3| need be held closedonly momentarily in order to establish the holding circuit throughswitch |26 coil |31 and switch |3| may then be allowed to open. However,when arm 1| is turned to break the holding circuit at the emergencyswitch ||1, spring |29 immediately breaks the circuit to motor rings |21and, at the same time breaks the circuit through the brake releasingsolenoid |4| because one end of the solenoid circuit is between switch|26 and the motor, so that brake band |23 is immediately drawn againstbrake drum |22 by spring |24 to stop motor H9 upon opening of theholding circuit for switch |23.

The holding circuit for switch |26 may also be broken at hand operatedswitch |35 whenever it is desired to stop motor I9 in the ordinarycourse of operations. It will be understood that switches |3| and |35are shown only diagrammatically and are actually connected to beoperated from a swivelled control rod on the knitting machine.

We have also employed for driving machines according to the invention amodied form of the motor shown in Fig. 27, the wiring diagram for whichis shown in Fig. 28. The motor according to Fig. 28 has a regenerativebraking means instead of the band brake shown in Fig. 27, the motor ofFig. 28 being otherwise an induction motor of the same general type asthe one shown in Fig, 27 and having the primary circuit on the rotor andthe secondary circuit on the stator. In Fig. 28, the three phase powersupply line is indicated at |30 and includes three-wires or leadsr G, H,andJ in which is a hand operated disconnect switch |28A. Leads G, H andJ extend to the contacts of an electro-magnetic switch IZBA whichextends vthe power` circuit through extension leads K,L and M,respectively to rings |21A on the shaft |2|A of motor |58, the ringsIZTA being indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 28 by large dots and theshaft and stator being indicated in Fig. 28 only by dot-and-dasn lines.The rings |21A feed a primary winding (not shown) of ordinary inductiontype creating a revolving held which excites thel secondary Winding onthe stator of the motor, said secondary winding aia/nca` ving winding,connected at spaced points to the segments of a commutator 2| I, therebeing four brushes 2|2, 2|3, 2 |4 and 2|5 on said commutator connectedeach to an end of one of coils |6| and |62I said brushes being arrangedon the commutator 2| so that the brushes connected to coil |6| alternatewith those connected to coil |62. Also, brushes 2| 2, 2|3, 2| 4 and 2|5embrace only roughly 180 of the circumference of the commutator 2||.Further, mechanical connections (not shown) are provided whereby thebrushes may be shifted to vary the speed, the motor having otherwisefshunt speed-load characteristics in that its speed varies relativelyslightly cornpared to the load. For braking purposes, two additionalbrushes 2|6 and 2|1 are provided on thecommutator 2| I, brush 2|6 beingconnected to the midpoint of coil |62 and the other, 2|1, to the sameend of coil |62 as brush 2|2. Since the brushes for running conditionsconnected to the ends of coils |6| and 62 are arranged on only about 180of the circumference of the commutator while the brushes 2|6 and 2|1 forbraking purposes are `arranged on the other half of the commutator, bothof brushes 2|6 and 2|1 lie between two of the running brushes. Thebrushes for braking are, however, disconnected from the commutator whenrunning by an electro-magnetic switch or contactor 24 I.

Assuming motor |60 to be stationary it may be started, after closinghand operated switch |28A, by moving a normally open push buttonstarting switch I3 |A to closed position. A circuit is thereby closedfor operating a control relay or electromagnetic switch |63, saidoperatingcircuii; beginning at point |64 on power lead G and extendingthrough a short lead |65 to one side of a gap in switch |26A which,however, is open at the time of starting. From switch |26A, the startingcircuit continues through a lead |66 to one end of an operating andholding solenoid coil |61 foi` relay |63. From the other end of coil|61, the starting circuit continues through lead |68 to the startingpush button I3 IA. This being closed, the circuit continues pastjunction point |69 and through the normally closed stop button |1|, tolead |12 and to one side of a mercury switch |13 which is normallyclosed although adapted to open the circuit when desired. From the otherside of switch |13, the circuit continues through a short lead |14 toone side of mercury switch ||1A. Switch ||1A is of the same constructionas switch |1 and is operated from a cam on the connecting bar of themachine the same as is switch ||1, the only distinction being thatswitch |1A is in an operating circuit of relay |63 whereas switch ||1 isin the operating circuit of the main line switch or contactor |26. Fromthe other side of switch ||1A, the control circuit extends through alead |80 to an overload relay |15 adapted to open the control circuitwhen its temperature is raised to a certain limit by an elementconnected in the circuit of coil |62. From overload relay |15, thecontrol circuit is extended by a short lead |16 to a second similartemperatureoperated overload relay |11 whose heating element is incircuit with coil |6|. From relay |11, the control circuit extendsthrough leads |18 and |19 to point |8| on the power lead J.

A circuit having thus been closed through coil |61, it draws the core orrod |82 of relay |63 toward the left as viewed in Fig. 28 against the1'4` pull of a spring |81 to thereby close a holding circuit around thestarting push button |3|A which runs from one side of the starting pushbutton through a lead |83, a normally closed mercury switch |84 and alead |85 to and through the relay |63. From the other side of switchrelay |63 a lead |86 extends the holding circuit to the point |69, atwhich point the holding circuit unites with the starting circuit, theholding circuit and the starting circuit being identical from the point|69 to the point |8| on power lead J as previously traced.

The r-od |82 of relay |63 having moved to its left hand position, acircuit is established through the operating and holding coil |31A ofline switch or contacter |26A as follows: from a point |88 on power leadG through a lead |89 containing two rectiers |9| and |92 to a junctionor branch point |93. |31A extends through a short lead |94, through thecoil itself and lead to point |96. From point |96, the circuit exten-dsthrough'a short lead |91 to a gap in relay |63. Relay |63 being in itsleft hand position, the gap is closed and the circuit continues fromrelay |63 through leads |98 and |99 to a junction with lead |19 fromwhich point it is identical with the circuit for" coil |61, extendingthrough lead |19 to point |8| on power lead J. Coil |31A having beenenergized by the closing of the gap between leads |91 and |98, it 'drawsrod or plunger |39A to the right as viewed in Fig. 28 against thetension of spring |29A to close the power leads running to the rings|21A on the rotor shaft of motor |60. At the, same. time that the mainpower circuit is closed, switch |26A closes a gap in the switch betweenthe lead |65 and a lead 20| and thereby extends a control circuit frompoint |64 on power lead G along leads |65 and 20| to one side of anoperating and holding coil 203 of a relay or electro-magnetic switch204. From the other side of coil 203, its circuit extends along a lead205 to one side of a gap in relay |63. On the other side -of relay |63,the circuit of coil 203 continues through a short lead 206 to a junctionpoint 201, from which point the circuit of coil 203 becomes identicalwith that of the holding circuit of coil |61 ending at point |8| onpower lead J and which has already been traced.

Coil 203 acts when energized as the operating and holding means of therelay 0r electro-magnetic switch 204 which controls the connectionsbetween one end of coil |6| and brush 2I5 as well as between both endsof coil 62 and brushes 2|2 and 2|3. Relay 264 does not affect theconnection between secondary coil |6| and brush 2| 4.

Coil 203 serves to draw a central rod of plunger 2|9 of relay 204 towardthe right as viewed in Fig. 28 against the tension of a spring 22| whichtends t-o hold the rod 2|9 in such position that there are gaps in theleads between coils |6| and |62 and the brushes 2|2, 2|3 and 2|5. Whencoil 203 is energized, therefore, spring 22| is overpowered and the gapsin the leads from coils |6| and |62 are closed to connect the coils withbrushes 2|2, 2|3 and '2|5 to transmit current from said coils to saiddrum winding 2|0 on the rotor to establish running conditions in motor|60. The leads from coils |6| and |62 for this purpose comprise thefollowing: From the right hand end of stator coil |6| as Viewed in Fig.28, a lead 2|8 extends to a normally closed gap member 222 of contacteror electro-magnetic switch 230, the holding coil of which is indicatedat 22 0,

From point |93, the circuit for coil On the other side of gap member222, the circuit of coil |6| is continued by lead 223 which extends thecircuit to relay 204. From relay 204 the cir- -cuit of coil |6| iscontinued by a short lead 224 to a heating element 225 in the overloadrelay |11. From heating element 225, the circuit from the right end ofcoil |6| continues through lead 226 to brush 2 |5 on the commutator 2|I. The left end of coil |6| connects through lead 221 directly withbrush 2 |4, thus completing the circuit of the coil |6| throughcommutator 2l| vand winding 2|0. Similarly the running circuit of coil|62 extends from the upper end of the coil as viewed in Fig. 28 throughlead 228 to relay 204. From relay 204, the circuit of coil |62 continuesthrough lead 229 to brush 2 i2 on commutator 2 I I. From the lower endof coil |62 as viewed in Fig. 28, its circuit extends through a lead 23|to a normally closed gap member 232 in switch 230. From switch 230, thecircuit of coil |62 is extended toward the commutator 2|| through lead233 to the relay 204. From relay 204, the circuit of coil |62 isextended through a short lead 234 to one side of a heating element 235in the overload relay |15. From the other side of heating element 235,the circuit of coil |62 is extended by lead 236 to brush 2|3 oncommutator 2| The circuit of coil |62 is therefore closed betweenbrushes 2|2 and 2|3 through the comutator 2|| and adjusting winding 2|0on the rotor of motor |60.

As indicated on Fig. 28 of the drawing or diagram, leads 2|8 and 223have a resistance 231 connected in parallel therewith and leads 23| and233 have a resistance 238 connected in parallel therewith. The switch230, in addition to the members 222 and 232, includes a rod or plunger239 and a spring 240 adapted to hold plunger 239 in such position thatmembers 222 and 232 close gaps between leads 2|8, 223 and 23|, 233,respectively, so long as coil 220 is not energized.

When the switch |28A is closed, the coil 220 is energized to open theswitch 230 by closing the circuit starting at point |88 on line G,through rectiers |9| and |62 to line 258 at point |63, and to andthrough the switch 230 to line 259 and to the coil 220. From coil 220,the circuit of coil 220 extends through line 26| to the normally closedportion of switch 204, from switch 264 through a short lead 262 to oneside of a limit switch which is normally closed and which is indicateddiagrammatically at 263. From the other side of limit switch 263, thecircuit of coil 220 extends through a Short lead 264 to a junction withlead |18 at point 265. From point 265, the circuit of coil 220 becomesidentical with that of coil |61, extending along leads |18 and |19 topoint |8| on power lead J After the coil 220 is energized to open switch230 the coil is maintained energized by a holding circuit passing fromthe line 258 at a point 216 through line 215 to a resistance 214 andfrom the resistance through lines 213 and 259 to coil 220 and from coil220 as hereinbefore traced.

Upon closing starting button |3|A, coils |31A, |61 and 203 areenergized, and coil 220 is deenergized by breaking a circuit through theswitch 204 as hereinbefore described, beginning at the power line G andending at line J. Therefore, starting with the switches all as shown inFig. 28, that is with all the actuating coils de-energized except coil220, upon closing the starting switch |3|A, switches |63, |26A and 234al1 close, and switch 24| remains practically unaffected.

Switch 230, however, is at this time energized and open thereby forcingthe secondary currents from coils I6| and |62 to pass through theresistances 231 and 238 and limiting their ow. As thecircuit of coil 226is opened between leads 26| and 262 as soon as coil 233 actuates rod 2|9of switch 204, unless means were provided to prevent it, coil 220 wouldbe immediately de-energized due to the energizing of coil 203, with theresult that gap members 222 and 232 would not remain open long enough topermit resistances 231 and 233 to be of practical use during the periodof acceleration. To prevent the immediate de-energization of coil 220and consequent shunting of resistances 231 and 238, means are providedto delay the cle-energization of coil 220 comprising a capacitor 266,one side of which is connected to lead 258 at point 261. On the oppositeside of capacitor 26B from point 261, a circuit continues through a lead268 to a resistance 269. From the other side of resistance 269 fromcapacitor 266, the circuit of said capacitor continues through a lead21| to a junction point on the opposite side of coil 220 from lead 259.

If, however, the current in either of the secondary circuits includingcoils 6| and |62 re. mains above a certain average value for anylywhenever the slur or connecting bar and the catchbar fall out of theirproper timed relation. Further, special switches |13 and |84 are shownin the circuit of coil |61 for stopping motor |60 under certainconditions not connected with the present invention.

If, from whatever cause, the circuit of coil |61 of relay |63 is openedthe motor will be shut down, but, unless some braking means is provided,it may turn over long enough after the circuit of coil |61 has beenbroken to do damage, if any parts have fallen out of their proper timedrelation. Therefore, in Fig. 23, I have shown diagrammatically anelectrical braking means which stops' the rotor quickly upon breakingthe circuit of coil |61 in relay |63 but which permits the rotor of themotor |60 to be turned readily by hand when desired if the motor hasstopped and the power circuit is open. The production of electrical orregenerative braking involves holding power switch |26A closed for awhile after relays |63 and 204 have opened and further involves closinga gap or gaps in the circuit of brushes 2I6 and 2|1. For the latterpurpose, a relay 24| is provided having an operating and holding coil242 which is energized only when coil |31A of switch |26A remainsenergized at the same time that coils |61 and 203 of relays |63 and 204respectively have been de-energized and means is provided formaintaining coil |31A energized even though its circuit is broken atswitch |63, as hereinafter set forth. Under these conditions, a circuitis established which begins at point |64 on power lead G extends throughlead |65 to switch |26A, through switch |26A to lead 20| and thencealong lead 20| to a branch point 243, the circuit-of coil 242 from point|64 to point 243 being iden-

